Hyperventilation Syndromes, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

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This book describes Hyperventilation Syndromes, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases

“Hyperventilation occurs more in women because they will keep breathing, again, again and again!”

“Breathing into a paper bag is no longer advised.”

Hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) indicates a relatively frequent emergency department disorder that can happen with anxiety or panic.
A breathing rate that exceeds 16 breaths per minute is typical of either hyperventilation or tachypnea (rapid shallow breathing).
While tachypnea and hyperventilation are occasionally considered to be the same, hyperventilation is normally related to anxiety, stress or panic.
Over breathing is another name for hyperventilation, and it may leave the patient feeling breathless.
The patient may hyperventilate from an emotional cause such as during a panic attack.
Rapid breathing may be a medical emergency and the patient need to get treated, unless the patient have had this before and the doctor has told the patient that the patient can treat it on the own.
Excessive breathing produces low levels of carbon dioxide (hypo-capnia) in the blood.
Causes
The cause for HVS is not known, but some persons who are affected seem to have an abnormal respiratory response to stress, sodium, lactate, and other chemical and emotional triggers which can cause excess minute ventilation and hypocarbia.
This creates many of the symptoms of hyperventilation.
Emotional causes are:

1. Anxiety and nervousness
2. Panic attack
3. Stress
4. Circumstances where there is a psychological benefit in having a sudden, dramatic illness (e.g., somatization disorder)
   Medical causes are:
5. Bleeding
6. Cardiac disease, such as congestive heart failure or heart attack
7. Drugs (such as an aspirin overdose)
8. Infection such as pneumonia or sepsis
9. Ketoacidosis and similar medical conditions
10. Lung disease such as asthma, COPD, or pulmonary embolism
11. Pregnancy
12. Severe pain
13. Stimulant medicines usage
    Symptoms
    Fast breathing can be a medical emergency that needs to get treated unless the patient has had this before and the doctor has told the patient that the patient can treat it himself.
    Often, panic and hyperventilation become linked to a vicious cycle.
    Panic attack results in rapid breathing and breathing quickly can make the patient feel panicked.
    There are many of the other symptoms:
14. Belching
15. Bloating
16. Chest pain
17. Confusion
18. Dizziness
19. Dry mouth
20. Light-headedness
21. Muscle spasms in the hands and feet
22. Numbness and tingling in the arms or around the mouth
23. Palpitations
24. Shortness of breath
25. Sleep disturbances
26. Weakness
    When the patient is over-breathing, the patient might not be aware the patient is breathing fast and deep.
    But the patient will likely be aware of the other symptoms, such as:
27. Feeling lightheaded, dizzy, weak, or not able to think straight
28. Feeling as if the patient can't catch the breath
29. Chest pain or fast and pounding heartbeat
30. Belching or bloating
31. Dry mouth
32. Muscle spasms in the hands and feet
33. Numbness and tingling in the arms or around the mouth
34. Problems sleeping
    Diagnosis
    Blood tests for the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood
    Chest CT scan is normal
    ECG is performed to detect cardiac ischemia
    Treatment
    The patient should learn deep breathing and relaxation techniques to help cope with an anxiety or panic attack.
    Regular exercise daily will help
    Treatment for anxiety such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and medicine by a doctor can help the patient cope with anxiety
    Medical treatment includes benzodiazepines or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or a beta-blocker.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Hyperventilation Syndromes
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognosis
Chapter 7 Hypoventilation Syndromes
Chapter 8 Myocardial Infarction
Epilogue