Scaphoid Fracture, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

Productinformatie

Scaphoid fracture is a medical disorder that is a carpal bone most frequently fractured.
The scaphoid is normally fractured as a result of hyperextension of the wrist, often from falls onto the outstretched hand
The diagnosis of fracture displacement or instability is:

1. Translation or gap at the fracture site ≥1 mm on any x-ray view
2. Larger than 15° dorsal angulation of the lunate compared with the radius
3. Carpal height ratio of the involved side less than the other side by at least 0.03
4. Scaphoid length >1 mm smaller than the contra-lateral side
   Scaphoid fractures are normally associated with other injuries of the wrist such as:
5. Dislocation of the radiocarpal joint,
6. Dislocation between the 2 rows of carpal bones,
7. Fracture-dislocation of the distal end of the radius,
8. Fracture at the base of the thumb metacarpal, and
9. Dislocation of the lunate.
   The radiocarpal fracture-dislocation may induce the entrapment of the ulnar nerve and artery.
   About 10% present with a related fracture.
   A scaphoid fracture occurs when the patient break the scaphoid bone.
10. Type A fractures are stable acute fractures, including
    a. Fracture of the tubercle (A1) and
    b. Incomplete fractures of the scaphoid waist (A2).
11. Type B fractures are unstable and include:
    a. Distal oblique fractures (B1),
    b. Complete fracture of the waist (B2),
    c. Proximal pole fractures (B3), and
    d. Trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture dislocation of the carpus (B4).
12. Type C fractures are characterized by delayed union.
13. Type D fractures are characterized by established nonunion and either:
    a. Fibrous union (D1) or
    b. Pseudarthrosis (D2).
    Occasionally, a direct blow to the palm of the hand can produce a scaphoid fracture.
    Sometimes, the repeated stress on the scaphoid bone can result in a fracture.
    This can happen in gymnasts and shot putters
14. There will be pain around the wrist area after the injury.
15. There may also be some bruising or swelling around the wrist on the involved side.
    Special scaphoid view X-rays taken with the hand and wrist in a certain position may help to show up a scaphoid fracture.
    If a non-displaced scaphoid fracture is confirmed on X-ray or is suspected, it is normally treated by putting the arm in a cast actually made of fiber glass up to the elbow.
    If a scaphoid fracture is displaced, surgical treatment is always advised.
    A small screw or a special pin is placed into the scaphoid bone to keep the bone fragments together in the correct position.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Scaphoid Fracture
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognosis
Chapter 7 Hand Injuries
Chapter 8 Claw Hand
Epilogue