The Laboratory Workshop - A Simple Course In Apparatus Making And The Use Of Tools

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THE LABORATORY WORKSHOP A SIMPLE COURSE IN APPARATUS MAKING AND THE USE OF TOOLS r-BY E. H. DUCKWORTH B. Sr., A. U. C. S. Insiector of Silence and Technical Education Colonial Service, Nigeria Formerly Senior Science Master Dean Close School, Cheltenham AND R. HARRIES City and Guilds Lngmeenng College Imperial College of Science and fedmology, London LONDON G. BELL SONS, LTD 1933 Printed in Great Britain by The Camelot Press Limited London and Southampton PLATE I A An attic room converted into a laboratory workshop PREFACE THE writers of this book were responsible for the workshop practice which formed a distinctive part of the Science Colleges held at Cheltenham by the Board of Education in 1930 and 19 fl. It became apparent that many teachers would welcome a book dealing with the functions of a laboratory workshop and, at the suggestion of the organiser, Mr. E. G. Savage, II. M. L, this worfc has been undertaken in order to reach a wider circle than is pos sible at a fortnights Course. We wish particularly to stress the fact that the fundamental processes needed, even in a complex piece of apparatus, are few in number and quite simple. We venture to make this point since it is in danger of being overlooked by manyumen and perhaps even more by women teachers who often regard a workshop as some thing outside their sphere. Our hope is that the book may en courage the design and construction of home-made apparatus, not only because of the pleasures and advantages which tihe use of a laboratory workshop brings, but also because in these times when economy is urged and the allocation of money for scientific ap paratus is all too small, self-help of this kind seerhs the only way in whichefficient teaching is to be secured. The apparatus described in Chaps. XI and XII have been selected to show something of the wide range of equipment that it is pos sible to construct, ift very small cost, by the application of the simple processes described in the earlier chapters. Users of the book should have little difficulty in applying these processes to their own requirements. The line drawings and photographs for the illustrations have been prepared by the writers. Our very special thanks arc due to Miss M. A. Reid, B. Sc., who undertook the reading of the manuscript, correction of the proofs and the compilation of the index, and whose encouragement and sympathetic interest has been our never-failing support. Our thanks are due to the following firms for the drawings of certain tools in Chapters I and II British Tool and Engineering Co., Ltd. Bench drilling machine, Item 18. v vi PREFACE Greenfield Tap and Die Corporation Little Giant screw cutting appliances, Items 1-7. C. and J. Hampton, Ltd. Record vices, Figs. 2 and 3, and Stanley pattern planes, Items 76 and 77. Schollhorn and Co. Bernard pliers, Items 49 and 50. Other acknowledgements are made under the respective figures. E. II. DUCKWORTH 11. HARRIES CONTENTS CHAP. PAO1C INTRODUCTION ...... ix I. THE SELECTION AND GENERAL EQUIPMENT OF A LABORATORY WORKSHOP ... 1 II. TOOL EQUIPMENT . . . . .14 III. MATERIALS ...... 29 IV. How TO MARK OUT, CUT, FILE, DRILL AND BEND SHEET METAL, ROD, STRIP AND TUUE 50 V. SCREW CUTTING ..... 78 VI. SOLDERING 102 VII. WOODWORKING ..... 119 VIII. ELECTRIC WIRING AND THE LABORATORY . 136 IX. MISCELLANEOUS PROCESSES THE CUTTING, DRILLING AND GRINDING OF GLASS, . 156 X. DRAWINGS AND DESIGNS ....175 XL APPARATUS DESIGNS .... 187 XII. MORE APPARATUS DESIGNS . . . 226 APPENDIX ...... 240 INDEX ...... 243 LIST OF PLATES I. A I. ABORATORY WORKSHOP .... AN ATTIC ROOM CONVERTED INTO A LABORATORY WORKSHOP Frontispiece PAGE II. A. A LABORATORY BENCH CONVERTED TO WORKSHOP USE . .183 B. MICRO-PROJECTOR 183 III. A. RADIATION SWITCH 194 B. SEARLES HFAT CONDUCTIVITY APPARATUS . . . 194 IV. A. PROJECTION MICROSCOPE ...... 209 B. SPECTRUM PROJECTION APPARATUS ..... 209 C 1 . SOAP FILM APPARATUS ....... 209 V. A. LARGE B. C. ELECTRO-MAGNET 223 B...