Elementary Color

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Text extracted from opening pages of book: COLOR BV JMILTOX Author of ** Color in the Schoolroom and Color in the Kindergarten.' WITH AN I'. TRODL'CTl'' V HV Professor of Phyic t WillUmm College. Third Edition. KlIL/ TOIM BRADLEV CO., SPRINGFIELD. MASS. CONTENTS. PAGE. TlIK TlIEoUY OF GLi: ...... ! l Why Artists and Scientists Have Disagreed . . 10 The Speculations of the Past 1 2 What the Primary Teacher Xeeds to Consider . . 13 Concerning the Solar Spectrum . . . . 15 Six Spec train Standards of Color . . . . 17 The Color Wheel and Maxwell Di* ks ... 1 The Bradley System of Color Instruction . . 2O COLOR DEFINITIONS 23 PRACTICAL EXPERIMENTS . . . . . . 31 The Color Wheel . .... 31 The Color Top ....... 32 Use of the Disks 32 How to Begin the Experiments .... 34 The Old Theories Tested by Mixture of Three Pigments 4.* Old Theories Tested by the Color Wheel or Color Top 4* 5 Concerning the Complementary Colors . . . f> u Citrines and Russets . . . . . . 54 Olives, V Vermilion, Burnt Sienna, Raw Sienna and Indian Red 5ti Classification of Harmonies ..... 5ti The Work of Chevreul Reviewed .... 5w Simultaneous, Successive and Mixed Contrast . 61 Contrasted Harmony ...... 64 Color with White 64 Black with White .64 Color with Black 65 rv CONTENTS. Colors with Gray 65 Contrast of Colors' 67 Dominant Harmonies 67 Complementary Harmonies, . . . . 69 Analogous Harmonies 70 Perfected Harmonies ...... 70 Field's Chromatic Equivalents . . ., 73 Colored Papers, 74 COLOR TEACHING IN TIIK SCHOOLROOM ... 76 The Glass Prism 78 How the Bradley Color Standards Were Chosen . 79 Paper Color Tablets 80 Color Wheel or Top' 82 The Study of Tones . * . ., . .. 85 Neutral Grays 89 Explanation of Broken Coloio. 91 An Exercise iu Woken Colors .... 92 Formulas for a Chart of Broken Spectrum Scales . 95 Certain Color Puzzles ... 96 Chart of Pure Spectrum Scales Completed . . 98 The Work of Cutting and Pasting . . . . 99 A Variety of Designs 101 Analysis of Color Materials 106 The Bradley Colored Papers 112 Engine Colored Papers 116 Water Colors 118 Color Blindness 121 OUTLINE OF A COURSE IN COLOR INSTRUCTION . . 124 The Solar Spectrum 125 Pigmentary Spectrum Colors 125 Study of Tones 126 Broken Colors .127 Complete Chart of Pure Spectrum Scales in Five Tones 127 Advanced Study of Harmonies . . . . 128 INTRODUCTION. THE movement in educational reform at present is in the di rection of unification. It is held that in framing the pro gramme for any grade the interest not only of the next higher but of all higher grades must be considered. This is done not solely that those who are to enter the higher grades may be di rectly prepared for their more advanced studies, but especially because it is felt that better work will thus be done for those whose school training is soon to terminate. For the child's education is never finished and a mind rightly directed at the start will gather from its practical experience that with which it may develop and augment the resources and the ideas al ready received. No education can be sound which teaches anything that is inconsistent with the more advanced truths, however complex and profound those truths may be. There should be no unlearning in the course of an education nor any expenditure of time on that which has no permanent value. It is of importance therefore to consider in connection with the study of any special subject what the problems are which lie atthe end of the educational journey and what basis will be needed in the child's maturer thought. There will thus be the inspiration of the goal to be attained and guidance in the selec tion of the most helpful methods. There is scarcely any subject that has so many practical and scientific aspects as the subject of color. Its great importance in the arts and its contribution to the enjoyment of life are 2 INTRODUCTION. matched by the multiplicity of problems in the physical and philosophical sciences with which it is connected. Without at tempting to enumera